Objective: Hypoxic training has been used to improve aerobic capacity in endurance athletes. Available researches have revealed that high-intensity interval training, a time-efficient strategy, could improve exercise capacity in recent years. The aim of this study was to examine whether short-term hypoxic high-intensity interval training (HHIT) was better to improve the aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity than moderate-intensity continuous training (MCT) and normoxic high-intensity interval training (NHIT) in obesity females. Methodology: 43 obesity female college students (20.6±2.5 years, BMI 25.9±2.2 kg/m2) from plain regions without regular exercise were recruited and randomly divided into HHIT group, NHIT group and MCT group, for 5-week training intervention. Participants of HHIT and NHIT undergone all-out cycling exercise with 8 sec×60 interspersed with 12 sec of rest for four times a week, respectively simulated to 2500m or normoxic. MCT group performed continuous cycling at 60%V̇O2max to 80% V̇O2max for 40min/day, 4 days/week in nomoxia. Before and after the intervention, normoxic V̇O2max and ventilator anaerobic threshold (VAT) examined during graded exercise testing were used to assessed aerobic capacity, while anaerobic power [Peak power (PP), PP/kg, Average power (AP), AP/kg, Power decrease rate (PD)] during 8 /12s cycling were measured at normoxia to evaluate anaerobic capacaty. Exercise intensity were recorded and SaO2, RPE and heart rate were monitored during exercise intervention. Results: Compared to pre-test, V̇O2max at post-test improved in HHIT (20.46%, p=0.001), NHIT (7.49%, p=0.044) and MCT (6.10%, p=0.253) respectively. After the intention, VAT significantly improved only in HHIT (10.86%, p=0.008) when compared to NHIT (9.04%, p=0.095) and MCT (7.67%, p =0.059). PP, PP/kg, AP/kg had no significant changes in all of the three groups, however AP and PD improved significantly only in MCT（p<0.05）. Conclusion: Short-term hypoxic and normoxic HIT cause more improvements in aerobic exercise capacity than moderate-intensity continuous training. Hypoxic HIT seems to offer additional improvement in aerobic performance when compared with normoxic HIT.