Up to date, a large variety of liposomal nanodrugs have been explored for cancer nanomedicine, showing encouraging results in both preclinical animal experiments and clinical treatment of cancer patients. Herein, a phospholipid conjugated with a cisplatin prodrug is used as the major structure component of liposomes together with other commercial lipids via self‐assembling. By doping with 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR), a lipophilic dye with strong near infrared (NIR) absorbance and fluorescence, the obtained DiR‐Pt(IV)‐liposome is found to be an effective probe for in vivo NIR fluorescence and photoacoustic bimodal imaging. Attributing to its intrinsically doped cis‐Pt(IV) prodrug, efficient photothermal conversion ability, and excellent tumor homing ability, DiR‐Pt(IV)‐liposome confers greatly enhanced therapeutic outcomes in the combined photothermal‐chemotherapy. Moreover, Pt(IV)‐liposome is also demonstrated to be an efficient carrier for both small hydrophilic molecules and proteins, which are encapsulated inside the water‐cavity of liposomes, further demonstrating the versatile functions of this nanoplatform. This study develops a unique type of liposomal nanomedicine with a prodrug conjugated phospholipid as the major structure component. Such Pt(IV)‐liposome is featured with advantages including precisely defined/easily tunable drug compositions, stealth‐like pharmacokinetics, efficient tumor passive uptake, and the capabilities to simultaneously load with various types of imaging or therapeutic agents.