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Performance optimization of autonomous driving control under end‑to‑end deadlines
Yunhao Bai1; Li Li2; Zejiang Wang3; Xiaorui Wang1; Junmin Wang3
2022-02-27
Source PublicationREAL-TIME SYSTEMS
ISSN0922-6443
Volume58Issue:4Pages:509 - 547
Abstract

The rapid growth of autonomous driving in recent years has posed some new research challenges to the traditional vehicle control system. For example, in order to flexibly change the yaw rate and moving speed of a vehicle based on the detected road conditions, autonomous driving control often needs to dynamically tune its control parameters for better trajectory tracking and vehicle stability. Consequently, the execution time of driving control can increase significantly, resulting in missing the end-to-end (E2E) deadline from detection to computation and actuation, and thus possible accidents. In this paper, we propose AutoE2E, a two-tier real-time scheduling framework that helps the automotive OS meet the E2E deadlines of all the tasks despite execution time variations, while achieving the maximum possible computing precision for driving control. The inner loop of AutoE2E dynamically controls the CPU utilizations of all the on-board processors to stay below their respective schedulable utilization bounds, by adjusting the invocation rates of the vehicle control tasks running on those processors. The outer loop is designed to adapt the computation time of driving control and minimize the precision loss, when the inner loop loses its control capability due to rate saturation caused by vehicle speed changes. In particular, the outer loop features driver-oriented weight assignment and piecewise approximation for computing precision optimization of vehicle control tasks. Our evaluations, both on a hardware testbed with scaled cars and in larger-scale simulation, show that AutoE2E can effectively reduce the deadline miss ratio by 35.4% on average, compared to well-designed baselines, while having smaller precision loss and tracking errors.

KeywordAutonomous Driving Feedback Scheduling End-to-end Tasks Performance Optimization
DOI10.1007/s11241-022-09379-6
URLView the original
Indexed BySCIE
Language英語English
WOS Research AreaComputer Science
WOS SubjectComputer Science, Theory & Methods
WOS IDWOS:000761726700001
PublisherSPRINGER, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
Scopus ID2-s2.0-85125409090
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Citation statistics
Document TypeJournal article
CollectionFaculty of Science and Technology
THE STATE KEY LABORATORY OF INTERNET OF THINGS FOR SMART CITY (UNIVERSITY OF MACAU)
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
Corresponding AuthorXiaorui Wang
Affiliation1.Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
2.Department of Computer and Information Science, IOTSC, University of Macau, Taipa, China
3.Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Recommended Citation
GB/T 7714
Yunhao Bai,Li Li,Zejiang Wang,et al. Performance optimization of autonomous driving control under end‑to‑end deadlines[J]. REAL-TIME SYSTEMS, 2022, 58(4), 509 - 547.
APA Yunhao Bai., Li Li., Zejiang Wang., Xiaorui Wang., & Junmin Wang (2022). Performance optimization of autonomous driving control under end‑to‑end deadlines. REAL-TIME SYSTEMS, 58(4), 509 - 547.
MLA Yunhao Bai,et al."Performance optimization of autonomous driving control under end‑to‑end deadlines".REAL-TIME SYSTEMS 58.4(2022):509 - 547.
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