The present study explored a chain mediation model that links the future work self to psychological well-being through career adaptability and life meaning. In this study, scores from the Future Work Self Scale, the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale, the MLQ Scale, and the Psychological Flourishing Scale were validated with a sample of 640 undergraduate students. The results showed that future work self and psychological flourishing were significantly and positively correlated; career adaptability, presence of meaning in life and search for meaning in life played significant mediating effects in the effects of future work self on psychological flourishing respectively; and career adaptability could play a chain mediating role with presence of meaning in life or search for meaning in life between future work self and psychological flourishing respectively. This study explores the antecedents of personal well-being from the perspective of career constructs and provides a theoretical basis for career education and counseling practice.