Excessive Cd poses adverse influences on ecosystem and human beings, but its precise detection via a facile and environment-friendly method with resistance to interference is still a challenge. Here, a turn-on ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe for Cd detection is established using yellow-emission AgInZnS quantum dots (AIZS QDs) and blue-emission nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs), which serve as a recognition unit and internal reference signal, respectively. Cd could enhance the fluorescence of AIZS QDs due to the passivation of surface defects, while it has no significant effect on that of NGQDs. This nanoprobe has a large detection range from 0.5 to 100 µM and a limit of detection low to 28.6 nM. It shows strong anti-interference ability for Cd even in lake water samples with recovery from 98 to 101% and low relative standard deviation of 1.01%, indicating its excellent effectuation to real-application world. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]