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Self-Powered Implantable CMOS Photovoltaic Cell With 18.6% Efficiency
Zhao, Jinwei1; Parvizi, Roghaieh1; Ghannam, Rami1; Law, Man Kay2; Walton, Finlay1; Imran, Muhammad Ali1; Heidari, Hadi1
2023-05-01
Source PublicationIEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
ISSN0018-9383
Volume70Issue:6Pages:3149-3154
Abstract

Harvesters for implantable medical applications need to generate enough energy to power their loads, but their efficiency is reduced when implanted under the tissue. Conventional photovoltaic (PV) cell harvesters made with CMOS technology stack cells in series, which raises output voltage but lowers power conversion efficiency. In addition, it is difficult to assess harvester performance prior to fabrication. To address these challenges, we developed a novel parallel PV cell configuration that fully utilizes all triple-well diodes and responds efficiently to near-infrared light. Using an optimized structure, the PV cells were fabricated through standard TSMC 65-nm CMOS technology, achieving an efficiency of 18.6%, open circuit voltage of 0.45 V, and short circuit current of 1.9 mA cm $^{-{2}}$. These results confirm the ability of the device to generate sufficient energy even when implanted beneath the tissue. Multiphysics finite element modeling (FEM) was used to optimize the stacking structure of the CMOS PV cell, and experimental results showed a successfully delivered power density of 1.2 mW cm $^{-{2}}$ (single cell 1.04 mm2) when placed 2 mm below porcine skin. Different array configurations of six PV cells were also experimentally studied using external wire switching, demonstrating the flexibility of the PV array in delivering different output energy for various implantable devices.

KeywordCmos Efficiency Energy Autonomous Human Skin Implantable Device Photovoltaic (Pv) Cell
DOI10.1109/TED.2023.3268630
URLView the original
Indexed BySCIE
Language英語English
WOS Research AreaEngineering ; Physics
WOS SubjectEngineering, Electrical & Electronic ; Physics, Applied
WOS IDWOS:000982495000001
PublisherIEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141
Scopus ID2-s2.0-85159844966
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Citation statistics
Document TypeJournal article
CollectionFaculty of Science and Technology
THE STATE KEY LABORATORY OF ANALOG AND MIXED-SIGNAL VLSI (UNIVERSITY OF MACAU)
INSTITUTE OF MICROELECTRONICS
Corresponding AuthorParvizi, Roghaieh
Affiliation1.University of Glasgow, James Watt School of Engineering, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
2.Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal Vlsi, Macau, Macao
Recommended Citation
GB/T 7714
Zhao, Jinwei,Parvizi, Roghaieh,Ghannam, Rami,et al. Self-Powered Implantable CMOS Photovoltaic Cell With 18.6% Efficiency[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 2023, 70(6), 3149-3154.
APA Zhao, Jinwei., Parvizi, Roghaieh., Ghannam, Rami., Law, Man Kay., Walton, Finlay., Imran, Muhammad Ali., & Heidari, Hadi (2023). Self-Powered Implantable CMOS Photovoltaic Cell With 18.6% Efficiency. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 70(6), 3149-3154.
MLA Zhao, Jinwei,et al."Self-Powered Implantable CMOS Photovoltaic Cell With 18.6% Efficiency".IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 70.6(2023):3149-3154.
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