Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been used in clinics for thousands of years. Quality control is crucial to ensure their clinical safety and efficacy. Among different techniques, liquid chromatography (LC) is a vital and powerful tool and is widely applied in the quality control of TCMs. In this chapter, the advanced application of LC in quality control of TCMs in the last 5years, including quality marker discovery and qualitative and quantitative analysis, was reviewed and discussed.