Call for emergency action to restore dietary diversity and protect global food systems in times of COVID-19 and beyond: Results from a cross-sectional study in 38 countries

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21585

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	Call for emergency action to restore dietary diversity and protect global food systems in times of COVID-19 and beyond: Results from a cross-sectional study in 38 countries
	Maha Hoteit 1; Reem Hoteit 2; Ayoub Aljawaldeh 3; Kathleen Van Royen 4,5; Sara Pabian 5,6; Paulien Decorte 5; Isabelle Cuykx 5; Lauranna Teunissen 5; Charlotte De Backer 5; the Corona Cooking Survey Study Group 1; Ina Bergheim 7; Raphaela Staltner 7; Amanda Devine 8; Ros Sambell 8; Ruth Wallace 8; Sabika Salem Allehdan 9; Tariq Abdulkarim Alalwan 9; Mariam Ahamad Al-Mannai 9; Gaëlle Ouvrein 10; Karolien Poels 10; Heidi Vandebosch 10; Katrien Maldoy 10; Christophe Matthys 11; Tim Smits 11; Jules Vrinten 11; Ann DeSmet 12; Nelleke Teughels 13; Maggie Geuens 13; Iris Vermeir 13; Viktor Proesmans 13; Liselot Hudders 13; Marcia Dutra De Barcellos 14; Cristina Ostermann 14; Ana Luiza Brock 14; Cynthia Favieiro 14; Rafaela Trizotto 14; Isadora Stangherlin 14; Anthonieta Looman Mafra 15; Marco Antônio Correa Varella 15; Jaroslava Varella Valentova 15; Maryanne L. Fisher 16; Melanie MacEacheron 17; Katherine White 18; Rishad Habib 18; David S. Dobson 19; Berta Schnettler 20; Ligia Orellana 20; Edgardo Miranda-Zapata 20; Angela Wen-Yu Chang 21; Wen Jiao 21; Matthew Tingchi Liu21 ; Klaus G. Grunert 22; Rikke Nyland Christensen 22; Lucia Reisch 23; Meike Janssen 23; Victoria Abril-Ulloa 24; Lorena Encalada 24; Iman Kamel 25; Annukka Vainio 26; Mari Niva 26; Laura Salmivaara 26; Johanna Mäkelä 26; Kaisa Torkkeli 26; Robert Mai 27; Pamela Kerschke Risch 28; Efthymios Altsitsiadis 29; Angelos Stamos 30; Andreas Antronikidis 31; Maeve Henchion 32; Sinead McCarthy 32; Mary McCarthy 33; Alessandra Micalizzi 34; Peter J. Schulz 35; Manuela Farinosi 36; Hidenori Komatsu 37; Nobuyuki Tanaka 37; Hiromi Kubota 37; Reema Tayyem 38; Narmeen J. Al-Awwad 39; Nahla Al-Bayyari 40; Mohammed O. Ibrahim 41; Fadwa Hammouh 42; Somaia Dashti 43; Basma Dashti 44; Dhuha Alkharaif 43; Amani Alshatti 43; Maryam Al Mazedi 43; Rania Mansour 45; Elissa Naim 45; Hussein Mortada 45; Yareni Yunuen Gutierrez Gomez 46; Kelly Geyskens 47; Caroline Goukens 47; Rajshri Roy 48; Victoria Egli 48; Lisa Te Morenga 49; Mostafa Waly 50; Radwan Qasrawi 51; Motasem Hamdan 51; Rania Abu Sier 51; Diala Abu Al Halawa 51; Hazem Agha 51; María Reyna Liria Domínguez 52; Lita Palomares 53; Grazyna Wasowicz 54; Hiba Bawadi 55; Reema Tayyem 55; Manal Othman 56; Jaafar Pakari 57; Allam Abu Farha 57; Rasha Abu-El-Ruz 57; Dacinia Crina Petrescu 58; Ruxandra Malina Petrescu Mag 58; Felix Arion 59; Stefan Cristian Vesa 60; Majid M. Alkhalaf 61; Khlood Bookari 62; Jamila Arrish 61; Zackaria Rahim 63; Roy Kheng 63; Yandisa Ngqangashe 64; Zandile June-Rose Mchiza 64; Marcela Gonzalez-Gross 65; Lisset Pantoja-Arévalo 65; Eva Gesteiro 65; Yolanda Ríos 66; Peter Yiga 67; Patrick Ogwok 67; Denis Ocen 67; Michael Bamuwamye 68; Haleama Al Sabbah 69; Zainab Taha 70; Leila Cheikh Ismail 71; Ayesha Aldhaheri 72; Elisa Pineda 73; Marisa Miraldo 73; Dawn Liu Holford 74; Hilde Van den Bulck 75
	2023-11
Source Publication	Heliyon
ISSN	2405-8440
Volume	9 Issue:11 Pages:e21585
Abstract	Background The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the fragility of the global food system, sending shockwaves across countries' societies and economy. This has presented formidable challenges to sustaining a healthy and resilient lifestyle. The objective of this study is to examine the food consumption patterns and assess diet diversity indicators, primarily focusing on the food consumption score (FCS), among households in 38 countries both before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional study with 37 207 participants (mean age: 36.70 ± 14.79, with 77 % women) was conducted in 38 countries through an online survey administered between April and June 2020. The study utilized a pre-tested food frequency questionnaire to explore food consumption patterns both before and during the COVID-19 periods. Additionally, the study computed Food Consumption Score (FCS) as a proxy indicator for assessing the dietary diversity of households. Findings This quantification of global, regional and national dietary diversity across 38 countries showed an increment in the consumption of all food groups but a drop in the intake of vegetables and in the dietary diversity. The household's food consumption scores indicating dietary diversity varied across regions. It decreased in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, including Lebanon (p < 0.001) and increased in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries including Bahrain (p = 0.003), Egypt (p < 0.001) and United Arab Emirates (p = 0.013). A decline in the household's dietary diversity was observed in Australia (p < 0.001), in South Africa including Uganda (p < 0.001), in Europe including Belgium (p < 0.001), Denmark (p = 0.002), Finland (p < 0.001) and Netherland (p = 0.027) and in South America including Ecuador (p < 0.001), Brazil (p < 0.001), Mexico (p < 0.0001) and Peru (p < 0.001). Middle and older ages [OR = 1.2; 95 % CI = [1.125–1.426] [OR = 2.5; 95 % CI = [1.951–3.064], being a woman [OR = 1.2; 95 % CI = [1.117–1.367], having a high education (p < 0.001), and showing amelioration in food-related behaviors [OR = 1.4; 95 % CI = [1.292–1.709] were all linked to having a higher dietary diversity. Conclusion The minor to moderate changes in food consumption patterns observed across the 38 countries within relatively short time frames could become lasting, leading to a significant and prolonged reduction in dietary diversity, as demonstrated by our findings.
Keyword	Covid-19 Pandemics Food Consumption Pattern Dietary Diversity Food Consumption Score Food-related Behaviors
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21585
Indexed By	SCIE
Language	英語English
Scopus ID	2-s2.0-85177211628
Fulltext Access	View Full-Text via DOI View Full-Text via Web of Science
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Document Type	Journal article
Collection	Faculty of Business Administration
Corresponding Author	Maha Hoteit
Affiliation	1.Food Sciences Unit, National Council for Scientific Research-Lebanon (CNRS-L), Beirut, P.O. Box 11-8281, Lebanon 2.Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 3.World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt 4.Department of Communication Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 5.Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 6.Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands 7.University of Vienna, Austria 8.Edith Cowan University, Australia 9.University of Bahrain, Bahrain 10.University of Antwerp, Belgium 11.KULeuven, Belgium 12.University of Antwerp, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium 13.Ghent University, Belgium 14.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 15.University of São Paulo, Brazil 16.Saint Mary's University, Canada 17.Arizona State University, Canada 18.The University of British Columbia, Canada 19.University of the Fraser Valley, Canada 20.Universidad de La Frontera, Chile 21.University of Macau, China 22.Aarhus University, Denmark 23.Copenhagen Business School, Denmark 24.Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador 25.National Research Centre Egypt, Egypt 26.University of Helsinki, Finland 27.Grenoble Ecole de Management, France 28.University of Hamburg, Germany 29.Copenhagen Business School, Greece 30.University of Northumbria, Greece 31.University of Macedonia, Greece 32.Teagasc, Ireland 33.University College Cork, Ireland 34.SAE Institute of Milan, Italy 35.University of Lugano, Italy 36.University of Udine, Italy 37.Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Japan 38.The University of Jordan, Jordan 39.The Hashemite University, Jordan 40.Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan 41.Mu'tah University, Jordan 42.American University of Madaba, Jordan 43.Public Authority for Applied Education & Training, Kuwait 44.Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait 45.Lebanese University, Lebanon 46.Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico 47.Maastricht University, Netherlands 48.University of Auckland, New Zealand 49.Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand 50.Sultan Qaboos University, Oman 51.Al Quds University, Palestine 52.Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Peru 53.Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Peru 54.Kozminski University, Poland 55.Qatar University, Qatar 56.Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar 57.Qatar University, QU-Health, Qatar 58.Babes-Bolyai University, Romania 59.University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Romania 60.Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania 61.National Nutrition Committee (NNC) at Saudi Food and Drug Authority (Saudi FDA), Saudi Arabia 62.Taibah University, Saudi Arabia 63.Institution, Singapore 64.University of the Western Cape, South Africa 65.Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain 66.AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Spain 67.Kyambogo University, Uganda 68.Kyambogo University/Ministry of Health Uganda, Uganda 69.College of Health Sciences Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 70.Zayed University, United Arab Emirates 71.Sharjah University, United Arab Emirates 72.United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates 73.Imperial College London, United Kingdom 74.University of Essex, United Kingdom 75.Drexel University, United States
Recommended Citation GB/T 7714	Maha Hoteit,Reem Hoteit,Ayoub Aljawaldeh,et al. Call for emergency action to restore dietary diversity and protect global food systems in times of COVID-19 and beyond: Results from a cross-sectional study in 38 countries[J]. Heliyon, 2023, 9(11), e21585.
APA	Maha Hoteit., Reem Hoteit., Ayoub Aljawaldeh., Kathleen Van Royen., Sara Pabian., Paulien Decorte., Isabelle Cuykx., Lauranna Teunissen., Charlotte De Backer., the Corona Cooking Survey Study Group., Ina Bergheim., Raphaela Staltner., Amanda Devine., Ros Sambell., Ruth Wallace., Sabika Salem Allehdan., Tariq Abdulkarim Alalwan., Mariam Ahamad Al-Mannai., Gaëlle Ouvrein., ...& Hilde Van den Bulck (2023). Call for emergency action to restore dietary diversity and protect global food systems in times of COVID-19 and beyond: Results from a cross-sectional study in 38 countries. Heliyon, 9(11), e21585.
MLA	Maha Hoteit,et al."Call for emergency action to restore dietary diversity and protect global food systems in times of COVID-19 and beyond: Results from a cross-sectional study in 38 countries".Heliyon 9.11(2023):e21585.

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