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A Fast Startup 38.4-MHz Crystal Oscillator Achieving 99-nJ Startup Energy with Adaptive Chirping
Rahmani, Abdolraouf1; Ramiah, Harikrishnan1; Lei, Ka Meng2; Lim, Chee Cheow3; Lai, Nai Shyan3; Mak, Pui In2; Martins, Rui P.2
2024-07
Source PublicationIEEE Access
ISSN2169-3536
Volume12Pages:102202-102211
Abstract

Shortening the startup time of a crystal oscillator is critical in improving the energy efficiency of the Internet of Things (IoT) sensor node. This article presents an investigative study on the application of adaptive chirping using zero-phase cross-detection to reduce the startup time of a crystal oscillator that is robust to voltage, temperature and even process variations without any costly trimming. Post-layout simulations on a 38.4 MHz crystal resonator with 1.0 V supply and 65-nm CMOS process confirms the feasibility of this approach and its ability to effectively reduce the startup time by correcting both phase and frequency mismatches. The results showcase the promising potential of zero-phase adaptive chirp as a viable variation-tolerant technique allowing for a high frequency mismatch tolerance of 1.1×10 ppm-Δf.

KeywordCmos Internet-of-things (Iot) Crystal Oscillator (Xo) Startup Time Chirp Injection Motional Current Adaptive Chirp Injection Energy Injection
DOI10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3431643
URLView the original
Indexed BySCIE
Language英語English
WOS Research AreaComputer Science ; Engineering ; Telecommunications
WOS SubjectComputer Science, Information Systems ; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic ; Telecommunications
WOS IDWOS:001286666100001
PublisherIEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141
Scopus ID2-s2.0-85199565802
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Citation statistics
Document TypeJournal article
CollectionFaculty of Science and Technology
THE STATE KEY LABORATORY OF ANALOG AND MIXED-SIGNAL VLSI (UNIVERSITY OF MACAU)
INSTITUTE OF MICROELECTRONICS
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
Corresponding AuthorRamiah, Harikrishnan
Affiliation1.Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2.State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI/Institute of Microelectronics and Faculty of Science and Technology – ECE, University of Macau, Macao, China
3.School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Recommended Citation
GB/T 7714
Rahmani, Abdolraouf,Ramiah, Harikrishnan,Lei, Ka Meng,et al. A Fast Startup 38.4-MHz Crystal Oscillator Achieving 99-nJ Startup Energy with Adaptive Chirping[J]. IEEE Access, 2024, 12, 102202-102211.
APA Rahmani, Abdolraouf., Ramiah, Harikrishnan., Lei, Ka Meng., Lim, Chee Cheow., Lai, Nai Shyan., Mak, Pui In., & Martins, Rui P. (2024). A Fast Startup 38.4-MHz Crystal Oscillator Achieving 99-nJ Startup Energy with Adaptive Chirping. IEEE Access, 12, 102202-102211.
MLA Rahmani, Abdolraouf,et al."A Fast Startup 38.4-MHz Crystal Oscillator Achieving 99-nJ Startup Energy with Adaptive Chirping".IEEE Access 12(2024):102202-102211.
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