Global population growth, climate change, pandemics, land degradation, biodiversity loss, and the widespread use of fertilizers and pesticides all pose threats to our food supply. With the predicted drastic rise in climate change over the coming decades, we will face more frequent and severe instances of heat stress, droughts, and ecosystem degradation. These challenges will significantly hinder our ability to produce enough food to sustain the world's growing population. Climate change is reshaping where particular crops may be produced, making farming in many locations unattainable, and people are relocating from rural to urban areas. Unpredictable disasters, such as the Covid-19 outbreak, inevitably affect cities' resilience, particularly in terms of food security. This issue was particularly sensitive in China, where food production and supply were considerably affected. When these trends are combined, vertical farming appears to be an appealing solution to sustainability challenges and food security, resulting in record-breaking investment in this sector. However, despite its advantages and positive future perspectives, vertical farming also faces challenges that need to be addressed. This article provides a comparative review of the current status of vertical farming in China and the EU, policies aimed at encouraging its development, and the challenges and prospects in both jurisdictions. The conclusion emphasizes the potential of vertical farming to enhance sustainability and food security but also highlights the need for addressing challenges such as high investment costs, energy consumption, and technological barriers. Policies and innovations tailored to regional needs are crucial for the successful integration of vertical farming into broader agricultural practices.