Aim: This study aimed to conduct a retrospective observational study in China to investigate the real-world utilization of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1RA) in China. Methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were retrieved from the electronic medical records of 18 hospitals from 2016 to 2020. A descriptive analysis detailed patient characteristics and clinical outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analysed the factors associated with daily and weekly GLP-1RA. Results: Fifteen thousand one hundred and seventy-six individuals were included. At the 6-month follow-up, the overall estimated mean change from baseline in HbA1c was −1.26±1.91% (p < 0.001), the “Weekly GLP-1RA” group was −1.58±2.03% (p < 0.001), and the “Daily GLP-1RA” group was −1.25±1.90% (p < 0.001). At the 12-month follow-up, the overall estimated mean change from baseline in HbA1c was −0.95±1.80% (p < 0.001), the “Weekly GLP-1RA” group was −1.05±1.93% (p < 0.001), and the “Daily GLP-1RA” group was −0.95±1.80% (p < 0.001). At 6 months following GLP-1RA initiation, there were statistically significant improvements in the mean TC, LDL-C, and TG at 6 months or 12 months separately following GLP-1RA initiation. Statistically significant improvements were observed in the mean HDL-C after 6 months. Compared with the baseline (11.92%), the proportion of patients who had an incidence of all hypoglycemia was lower at the 6-month follow-up (9.73%). Patients with dyslipidemia were more likely to use weekly GLP-1RA (OR =1.61, 95% CI: 1.27–2.06, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In China, weekly GLP-1RA demonstrated better effectiveness compared to the daily GLP-1RA. The results confirmed the efficacy of GLP-1RA in clinical trials.