This chapter discusses several issues in contract formation. First issue to be addressed pertains to what may be deemed an offer and/or an acceptance. In this context, the relevance of concluding behaviours and silence are analysed, as well as the concept of willensbetätigung, which has prompted the question of whether it can still be deemed a form of offer or acceptance. The second issue pertains to the distinction between offer and invitation to treat, with a focus on e-commerce. Finally, the chapter assesses possible modes of contracting other than the offer-and-acceptance model, focusing on the case of blockchain smart contracts, and discusses how this model might impact the idea of contract in the three jurisdictions.