Supramolecular drug delivery nanoplatforms have attracted much attention due to their diverse functions，controllable drug-releasing property，and unsophisticated techniques for preparation. Polyphenols with phenolic hydroxyl structure have been reported to easily have non-covalent interactions with different drugs，next self-assembling to be supramolecular nanosystems and successfully delivering drugs through desirable administrations. Moreover，polyphenols per se are generally active in defensing tumor，bacteria，oxidative species，inflammation，and protecting cardiac function，which can broaden the biomedical application scope of polyphenol-based delivery systems. In this review，we comprehensively depict the supramolecular interactions involved in the polyphenol-based supramolecular drug delivery systems，and detailedly explain how the interaction force highly affects the drug loading （e.g.，hydrophobic drugs，proteins，and DNA，etc.）. Finally，the controversial issues existing in current polyphenol-based supramolecular nanosystems are summarized and reviewed. This article is expected to shed a new light on the rational designs and fundamental studies of emerging polyphenol-based materials.