Excessive working in Macao is highly prevalent, but the psychological impacts of its prevalence and its related gender gap have not been empirically examined. In the present study, 112 white-collar Chinese employees (42 men and 70 women) were surveyed to investigate how value, motivation, and attitudes were associated with their work style and working hours. It was found that over 60% of the participants reported working more than 48 hours per week and male employees worked longer hours than their female counterparts. Working hours were positively correlated with excessive work style, which in turn was significantly associated with employees’ need for achievement, but not with Confucian value. In addition, gender significantly imposed a moderating effect on the relationship between attitude toward familial roles and excessive working. Men with a stronger traditional attitude tended to work longer hours and in a more excessive style, whereas women with a stronger traditional attitude tended to work fewer hours and in a less excessive style. As hypothesized, the endorsed traditional attitude accentuated its resultant gender differences in work styles and hours by promoting workorientation among male employees but family-orientation among female employees.

由於經濟迅速發展及勞工短缺，過度工作在澳門非常普遍。然而，心理因 素對澳門人的過度工作之影響及澳門男女在過度工作之差距卻從未被仔細 剖析。本研究對112名中國澳門白領員工（42名男性及70名女性）作問卷訪 問，以細查他們的價值觀、動機、和態度與其工作風格及工時之關係。本 研究發現有多於60個百分比的受訪者每星期工作超過48小時，而男性的平 均工時比女性的長；工時與過度工作的風格呈正相關；過度工作的風格與 員工的成就需求有顯著正相關關係，與儒家的價值觀的關係卻並不顯著。 再者，性別在家庭角色態度與過度工作的關係上有顯著的干涉效應﹕對家 庭角色持有傳統的態度之男性較易工作過度，反之對家庭角色持有傳統的 態度之女性的平均工時不但較男性短，其工作風格亦較男性不過度。如假 設之預期，傳統的家庭角色態度提升了男性員工對工作的重視及女性員工 對家庭的注重，因而加重了男女在工作時間與風格上之差異。