In this paper, a new structure of a single-phase hybrid active power filter (HAPF) with adaptive passive part and active part is proposed. The HAPF as a state-of-the-art power quality compensator is combining the advantage of passive filter and active filter. However, it may still suffer the high initial and operational costs situation under the capacitive load case. With the proposed topology, the reactive power and harmonics of the loading can be compensated dynamically. The structure can be applied to general household appliances including inductive and capacitive loading. Compared with the traditional APF for inductive loading compensation and HAPF for capacitive loading compensation, the proposed HAPF requires a low dc-linked voltage under both inductive and capacitive loading compensation, which can reduce the initial and operational costs. Especially, the transient condition has been analyzed when the passive part is switched to verify the feasibility of this topology. Finally, representative simulation and experimental results are presented to prove the compensation effect of this single-phase HAPF with adaptive passive part.