Neutral aqueous rechargeable CoO//Zn batteries with high-output voltage and outstanding cycling stability have yielded new insights into wearable energy-storage devices. To meet the increasing demand for a means of powering wearable and portable devices, the development of a high-performance fiber-shaped Co//Zn battery would be highly desirable. However, the intrinsically poor conductivity of CoO significantly restricts the application of these high-capacity and high-rate aqueous rechargeable battery. Encouragingly, density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the substitution of Zn for Co leads to an insulator-metal transition in the Zn-doped CoO (Zn-CoO). In this study, we used metallic Zn-CoO nanowire arrays (NWAs) as a novel binder-free cathode to successfully fabricate an all-solid-state fiber-shaped aqueous rechargeable (AFAR) Co//Zn battery. The resulting fiber-shaped Co//Zn battery takes advantage of the enhanced conductivity, increased capacity, and improved rate capability of Zn-CoO NWAs to yield a remarkable capacity of 1.25 mAh·cm at a current density of 0.5 mA·cm, extraordinary rate capability (60.8% capacity retention at a high current density of 20 mA·cm) and an admirable energy density of 772.6 mWh·cm. Thus, the successful construction of Zn-CoO NWAs provides valuable insights into the design of high-capacity and high-rate cathode materials for aqueous rechargeable high-voltage batteries.