Given the rapid and widespread emergence of bacterial resistance and the less satisfying antibiotic R&D (research and development) progress made, there is an urgent need to accelerate antibiotic R&D. In light of the growing complexity and risks of the drug discovery process, R&D of new drugs tends to follow an “open innovation” model. To maintain efficiency in such a model, it is helpful for antibiotic researchers to receive an overview of efforts regarding R&D collaboration. This chapter attempts to profile the collaboration patterns of antibiotic R&D by analyzing collaborative relationships using constructed collaboration networks from both institutional and national levels.