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Ultra-Low-Voltage Clock References
Ka-Meng Lei1; Pui-In Mak1; Rui P. Martins1,2
2023-01-06
Source PublicationAnalog Circuits and Signal Processing
Author of SourceRui Paulo da Silva Martins
Publication PlaceSwitzerland
PublisherSpringer
Pages91-127
Abstract

Clock references are indispensable circuit modules. The Internet of Things (IoT) devices, in particular, usually require a reference with high spectral purity for the phase-locked loop to generate the carrier signal and a low-power always-on reference to serve as the timer. This chapter discusses the design of two clock references operating at ultra-low supply voltage (<0.5 V) for energy-harvesting Internet-of-Things sensor nodes. The first is a sub-0.5 V 16/24 MHz crystal oscillator with a fast startup feature to accommodate the periodic duty-cycling scheme of the Internet-of-Things device. We prototyped the design in 65 nm CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor). The second is a 0.35 V 2.1 MHz fully integrated relaxation oscillator implemented in 28 nm CMOS. It features an asymmetric swing-boosted RC (resistor-capacitor) network and a dual-path comparator to surmount the challenges of sub-0.5 V operation while achieving temperature resilience. This chapter elaborates both designs in detail.

KeywordCmos Crystal Oscillator (Xo) Energy Harvesting Fast Startup Internet Of Things (Iot) Relaxation Oscillator (Rxo) Ultra-low Power Ultra-low-voltage (Ulv)
DOI10.1007/978-3-031-22231-3_3
URLView the original
Language英語English
ISBN978-3-031-22230-6
Scopus ID2-s2.0-85146614667
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Document TypeBook chapter
CollectionFaculty of Science and Technology
INSTITUTE OF MICROELECTRONICS
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTROMECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Corresponding AuthorKa-Meng Lei
Affiliation1.State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI/IME and FST-ECE,University of Macau,Macao
2.Instituto Superior Técnico,Universidade de Lisboa,Lisbon,Portugal
First Author AffilicationFaculty of Science and Technology
Recommended Citation
GB/T 7714
Ka-Meng Lei,Pui-In Mak,Rui P. Martins. Ultra-Low-Voltage Clock References[M]. Analog Circuits and Signal Processing, Switzerland:Springer, 2023, 91-127.
APA Ka-Meng Lei., Pui-In Mak., & Rui P. Martins (2023). Ultra-Low-Voltage Clock References. Analog Circuits and Signal Processing, 91-127.
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