The current investigation evaluates the psychometric properties of the Online Homework Goal Orientation Scale (OHGOS) for college students. Participants were 612 college students in China. Results revealed that the OHGOS included two subscales: mastery- and performance-approaches. Results further revealed that intercept was invariant across gender for both mastery- and performance-approaches, suggesting that the OHGOS is applicable for both females and males. Additionally, consistent with theoretical predictions, mastery-approach (in comparison with performance-approach) was more strongly related to online homework effort, completion, emotion regulation, arranging study environment, time management, and help seeking. Taken together, our present study finds strong evidence that the OHGOS is a valid instrument of online homework goal orientations.